The History of the Pill and Feminism

This article appears on the Public Broadcasting Website (PBS) website. The article talks about the history of the pill in the United States and makes references to the 2011 movie â€Å"The Pill†. According to the article, the pill has had a long history that is dominated by scientific and medical debates.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The History of the Pill and Feminism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article also outlines some subtopics in the debate on the pill including â€Å"contraception, eugenics, social engineering, population trends, government involvement in legislating social behavior, conflicts between religious values, feminist activism of the 1960s, and twentieth century women’s movements†1. The article also touches on the roles women play in the society and the changing relationship between medical professionals and the public. PBS published this article as part of the organization’s informative repertoire. Most of the information that is provided by the article relates to the 2011 film â€Å"The Pill†. Recently, the debate on the pill has heightened around the country. The debate is particularly focused on the issue of sexuality among teenagers. There are those people who feel that the use of pills among teenage girls is unacceptable. The opponents of this notion feel that the pill provides girls with freedom from several burdens. In addition, this group feels that the era of sexual repression is over. The history of the pill dates back several centuries ago. However, the modern debate on the pill began in the 1960s when the pill was enshrined in the country’s legislation. During this period, all prior disagreements concerning the pill were put to rest. The increase in the rate of teenage pregnancies acts as proof of the need to institute the pill into the lives of the American teenagers. Several organizations and televis ion shows have tried to address this issue by trying to depict the effects of unplanned pregnancies. This article offers an informed account of the history and uses of the pill to its readers. The document in the PBS website provides a rich account of the pill’s revolution. The film account includes the testimony of some of the very first users of the pill. Most of the women who appear in â€Å"The Pill† concur that the pill was a revolutionary tool when it came to the women’s freedom. Some of the women claim that the pill opened new horizons for them during the tumultuous period around the 1950s and 1960s.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The idea of women amounting to anything else other than mothers and homemakers was alien in the 1950s. The women who chose to pursue careers ended up foregoing having families. The pill was the game changer for many women who were provided with an effective means of birth control. There were major controversies concerning the invention of the pill. The heroes behind its invention sacrificed a lot of their resources to make sure women were provided with a birth control method. This sacrifice passes as one of the most significant sacrifices in the American history. The pill’s invention was initially viewed as a feministic campaign. However, this invention included some men and women who had no ties to feminism but were instead looking for an alternative to natural birth control. Years later, it has become clear that the pill has had a more medical than theoretical impact. The input provided in this website is important to the still on-going debates about the pill. Today, the pill is still being associated to feminism five decades after it was instituted in the US constitution. The truth of the matter is that the debate on the pill will most likely be associated with feminism even in future. This ass ociation exists because most chauvinists are always uncomfortable with any tools that liberate women sexually. The pill is definitely one of the most controversial inventions in the American history. Before the pill was invented, there were other existing methods of birth control that were not as controversial as the pill. However, most of these earlier methods were tedious and inaccurate. None of the existing methods of birth control was at the dispensation of the women. The pill is a product of strive and defiance among some distinguished citizens. One woman notes that during the 1960s scientists invented hundred of pills but avoided the birth control pill2. The controversies behind the pill proved to be too intimidating even for the most seasoned scientists at the time. Moreover, the field of medical research was at the time dominated by men. This meant that there was very little personal motivation among the researchers of that time. The controversies around the pill have dragge d on from the 1960s to present. Every time a new version of the pill is invented, there is disquiet among the citizens.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The History of the Pill and Feminism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The history of the pill has always been associated with feminism. This paper will track the history of the pill and its association with feminism. The paper will show how this association has evolved over the years. The PBS website offers a historical account of the pill. The website also includes a transcript of the confessions of the women that appeared in the film â€Å"The Pill†. In one of these confessions, one woman talks about how the situation used to be in the 19th century. A woman would give birth to consecutive children and end up suffering from ill health in the process. For instance, one woman says that her grandmother became pregnant eighteen times in the course of her forty-nine years lifespan3. In another confession, a woman says that before the pill was invented, women were ‘desperate’. However, when the pill was finally invented these health and emotional concerns were overlooked in favor of feminist concerns. The popular view during the 1960s was that the pill gave women sexual freedom and therefore promoted promiscuity. These views mostly belonged to the men folk who were also the majority lawmakers at the time. These voices were also the target of feminists during the 1950s and the 1960s. The group that is credited with the actual invention of the pill had a feminist at the forefront. The group consisted of Margret Sanger the woman who believed the pill could be realized, Gregory Pincus the scientist behind the invention, and Katherine McCormick the activist and financier of the pill research. McCormick was the feminist in the group and also the one who donated forty thousand dollars of her money towards this research. Her rol e was also the most significant one because the pill would not have been realized without her money. According to the PBS article, Margret Sanger used to run a birth control clinic around the time the pill was invented. Her clinic’s aim was to help women achieve planned births. This means that her clinic did not necessarily have feminist ties. Although McCormick was the only feminist in this group, her presence was taken to mean that the pill was a feminist drive. In the 1950s, feminists were treated with suspicion by the rest of the population. This treatment was transferred to the new birth control invention. Anti-feminist movements sought to discredit the pill on account of its feminist connection.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, this argument was largely overlooked by the citizens because the pill became popular with American women within a very short time. From its inception, the pill was associated with feminism on account of Katherine McCormick’s input. Although the pill was constantly discredited by several entities including religious groups, legislation bodies, and some medical organizations, it continued to be popular among American women. This was a sign that the war against the pill was unfounded and probably chauvinistic. Five years after the pill was allowed into the American society, over six million American women were using it. These statistics made it the most popular form of birth control at the time. The statistics also raise serious questions concerning the anti-pill campaign at the time. If the pill was flawed and immoral as most of the campaigners argued, it would not have found as much support as it did. For instance, there were women demonstrators during the 1970 senate hearing on the pill’s safety. The women demanded that the senate considers their voices on the matter. This was ten years after the pill was adopted and issues of feminism were still dominating its debate. The senate never considered the women’s voices and instead opted to abandon the proceedings. This move is quite incriminating for the senate because if there were no feminism undertones in the hearings the senate would have considered the women’s voices. In the course of history, the debate on the pill has been featured in several social struggles. The pill debate featured on the Civil Rights Movement where African American leaders claimed that the pill was being used to control the reproduction of minority women. Such claims caught the attention of the feminists who had always advocated for the women’s right to plan their parenthood. The pill was also featured in the proposal for Congress to make it a requirement for the women seeking to acquire gover nment aid. When the pill was eventually replaced by the Norplant, there was a proposal that all women who were beneficiaries of government welfare be forced to use the Norplant instead of the pill. In addition, women who embraced the new birth control method would receive reduced penalties in the event of their conviction. One of the reasons why these proposals never materialized was because they received stiff opposition from feminist organizations. These proposals were forwarded in the 1990s and they targeted women from low economic backgrounds4. Recently, the pill debate involved adolescent girls’ right to access the pill. A US court made it legal for underage girls to obtain emergency pills without a prescription. This issue was still the subject of a feministic debate that addressed teenage girls’ sexual and reproductive liberties. The pill continues to elicit major debate especially from feminists. The pill provided women with an important tool of liberation. Ove r the years, the debate concerning the pill has metamorphosed from the times it used to cover women in their prime to its current focus on teenagers. This debate is likely to continue as the science and technology behind the pill progresses. The feminist aspect of the pill debate is also likely to continue. Bibliography Henretta, James. America: A Concise History. Boston: New York Publishers, 2012. â€Å"The Pill†. Public Broadcasting Website. Web. Footnotes 1â€Å"The Pill†, Public Broadcasting Website. 2 â€Å"The Pill†, Public Broadcasting Website. 3 â€Å"The Pill†, Public Broadcasting Website. 4 James Henretta, America: A Concise History (Boston: New York Publishers, 2012), 78. This term paper on The History of the Pill and Feminism was written and submitted by user Isabella Tyler to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Heart of Algebra Key Strategies for SAT Math

Heart of Algebra Key Strategies for SAT Math SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips On the newly redesigned 2016 SAT, the math section content is divided into four categories by the College Board: Heart of Algebra, Problem Solving and Data Analysis, Passport to Advanced Math, and Additional Topics in Math. Heart of Algebra accounts for the largest part of the SAT math section (33% of the test), so you need to be well prepared for it. In this post, I’ll be discussing this category's content and question types, working through practice problems, and giving tips on how to ace these questions. Heart of Algebra: Overview Content Covered Just as the name would suggest, Heart of Algebra covers algebra content, but what algebra content specifically? These questions cover: Linear Equations System of Equations Absolute Value Graphing Linear Equations Linear Inequalities and Systems of Inequalities I’ll delve into each one of these content areas below. I’ll explain exactly what you need to know in each area, and I’ll walk you through some practice problems. NOTE: All of the practice problems in this article come from a real College Board SAT practice test (Practice Test #1). I’d recommend you don’t read this article until after you’ve taken Practice Test #1 (so I don’t spoil it for you!). If you haven’t taken Practice Test #1, bookmark this article and come back after you’ve completed it. If you’ve already taken Practice Test #1, then read on! Heart of Algebra Question Breakdown As I mentioned at the start of the article, Heart of Algebra makes up 33% of the math section, which works out to 19 questions. There will be eight in section 3 (the non-calculator math test) and in section 4 (the calculator math test). Heart of Algebra questions vary in presentation. Because there are so many, the College Board needed to mix up how they ask you these questions. You’ll see multiple-choice and grid-in Heart of Algebra questions. You may simply be presented with an equation(s) and need to solve or you might be given a real world scenario as a word problem and need to create an equation(s) to find the answer. The SAT math section presents questions in order of difficulty (defined by how long it takes an average student to solve a problem and the percentage of students who answer the question correctly). You will see Heart of Algebra questions throughout the section: the straightforward, â€Å"easy† ones will appear at the beginning of the multiple choice and grid-ins while the more challenging ones that require you to create an equation or equations to solve will appear towards the end. I’ll give examples of each type of question (easy and hard) as we learn about each content area in the next section. We're on the path to conquering algebra! Content Area Breakdowns Linear Equations Linear equation questions can be presented in a couple of ways. The easier linear equation questions will ask you to solve a linear equation that is given to you. The harder linear equation questions will ask you to write a linear equation to represent the given situation. No Calculator Practice Problems This question is one of the simplest, easiest and most direct Heart of Algebra questions that you’ll see. The question just asks you to solve a linear equation without situating it in a real world situation that would require you to make sense of the context as well as the equation. Answer Explanation: Since $k=3$, one can substitute 3 for k in the equation, which gives ${x-1}/{3}=3$. Multiplying both sides of ${x-1}/{3}=3$ by 3 gives $x-1=9$, and if you add 1 to each side, then the result is $x=10$. D is the correct answer. Tip: If you struggled with this question, you could also solve it by plugging in the answer choices for x and seeing which one worked. Plugging in will work but will take you more time than simply solving the equation. If you solve the equation to find x, you can double check your answer by then plugging it in. If you plug in your answer choice for x, and both sides of the equation are equal, you know you have the right answer! The following question is slightly more challenging since it asks you to create a linear equation to represent the real world scenario it presents. Answer Explanation: There are two ways to approach this problem. Approach 1: The total number of messages sent by Armand is equal to his rate of texting (m texts/hour) multiplied by the 5 hours he spent texting: m texts/hour Ãâ€" 5 hours = $5m$ texts. Similarly, the total number of messages sent by Tyrone is equal to his rate of texting (p texts/hour) multiplied by the 4 hours he spent texting: p texts/hour Ãâ€" 4 hours = $4p$ texts. The total number of messages sent by Armand and Tyrone is equal to the sum of the total number of messages sent by Armand and the total number of messages sent by Tyrone: $5m+4p$. C is the correct answer. Approach 2: Pick numbers and plug them in. For example, I'm going to pick numbers and say Armand sends 3 texts per hour and Tyrone sends 10 texts per hour. Based on the given information, if Armand texts for 5 hours, Armand sent (3 texts per hour)(5 hours) texts or 15 texts; if Tyrone texts for 4 hours, Tyrone sent (10 texts per hour)(4 hours) texts or 40 texts. Therefore, the total number of texts sent by Armand and Tyrone is $15+40=55$ texts. Now, I plug in the numbers I chose to the answer choices and see if the number of texts matches 55 texts, so for answer C, $5(3) +4(10)=15+40=55$ texts. Therefore, C is the correct answer. NOTE: for this question, this strategy was slower, but for more complicated questions, this can be a faster and easier approach. Tip: Take these problems one step at a time. Figure out Armand’s total number of text messages, then figure out Tyrone’s total number of text messages, and then, combine them into one expression. Don’t rush to jump to the final answer. You might make a mistake along the way. Systems of Equations System of equations questions will be presented in similar ways as linear equation questions; however, they’re more difficult because you now have to do more steps and/or create a second equation. The easier system of equation questions will ask you to solve for one variable when you’re given two equations with two variables. The harder system of equation questions will require you to write a system of equations to represent the given situation and then solve for one variable using the equations you created. No Calculator Practice Problems This question is arguably the simplest, easiest and most straightforward systems of equation questions that you’ll see. It sets up the equations for you, and simply asks you to solve for x. Answer Explanation: Subtracting the left and right sides of $x+y=−9$ from the corresponding sides of $x+2y =−25$ gives $(x+2y)−(x+y)=−25−(−9)$, which is equivalent to $y=−16$. Substituting $−16$ for $y$ in $x+y=−9$ gives $x+(−16)=−9$, which is equivalent to $x=−9−(−16) =7$. The correct answer is 7. Tip: Plugging in may be a good option if you’re given this question in the multiple-choice (which isn’t the case here). However, you could have also plugged in your answer to double check your work! Here is another fairly straightforward system of equation question, but it is slightly more difficult since you need to provide the answer for both x and y (which creates more potential for error). Answer Explanation: Adding x and 19 to both sides of $2y−x=−19$ gives $x=2y+19$. Then, substituting $2y+19$ for x in $3x+4y=−23$ gives $3(2y + 19)+4y=−23$. This last equation is equivalent to $10y+57=−23$. Solving $10y+57=−23$ gives $y=−8$. Finally, substituting −8 for y in $2y−x=−19$ gives $2(−8)−x=−19$, or $x=3$. Therefore, the solution $(x, y)$ to the given system of equations is $(3, −8)$. Tip: Plugging in would have also been a quick way to solve this one! When asked to solve for both variables in a system of equation question, always try plugging in! The following is a bit more difficult. Even though you’re given the equations, you still need to determine what the question is asking you (which variable you need to solve for) which is slightly more challenging since it asks you the question using a real world scenario. Also, you need to solve it using mental math (since it’s in the no calculator section). Answer Explanation: To determine the price per pound of beef when it was equal to the price per pound of chicken, determine the value of x (the number of weeks after July 1) when the two prices were equal. The prices were equal when $b=c$; that is, when $2.35+0.25x=1.75+0.40x$. This last equation is equivalent to $0.60=0.15x$, and so $x={0.6}/{0.15}=4$. Then to determine $b$, the price per pound of beef, substitute 4 for $x$ in $b=2.35+0.25x$, which gives $b=2.35+0.25(4)=3.35$ dollars per pound. Therefore, D is the correct answer. Tip: Take your time working through each step. It’s easy to make a small mistake and get the wrong answer. Calculator Practice Problem The following is one of the hardest Heart of Algebra questions. Based on the real world scenario that you’re given in the question, you need to create two equations and then solve them. Answer Explanation: To determine the number of salads sold, write and solve a system of two equations. Let $x$ equal the number of salads sold and let $y$ equal the number of drinks sold. Since the number of salads plus the number of drinks sold equals 209, the equation $x+y=209$ must hold. Since each salad cost 6.50, each soda cost 2.00, and the total revenue was 836.50, the equation $6.50x+2.00y=836.50$ must also hold. The equation $x+y=209$ is equivalent to $2x+2y=418$, and subtracting each side of $2x+2y=418$ from the respective side of $6.50x+2.00y=836.50$ gives $4.5x=418.50$. Therefore, the number of salads sold x was $x={418.50}/{4.50}=93$. Therefore, B is the correct answer. Tip: Take these problems one step at a time. Write out the equation for the total number of salads and drinks sold, then figure out the equation for revenue, and then, solve. Don’t rush it or you might make a mistake. Absolute Value There will typically only be one Absolute Value question in the SAT math section. The question is usually pretty easy and straightforward, but it requires you to know the rules of absolute value to answer it correctly.Anything that is an absolute value will be bracketed with absolute value signs which look like this: || For example, $|-4|$ or $|x-1|$ An absolute value is a representation of distance along a number line, forward or backward. This means that whatever is in the absolute value sign will become positive since it represents distance along a number line and it is impossible to have a negative distance. For example, on the above number line, -2 is 2 away from 0. Anything inside of the absolute value becomes positive. This also means that an absolute value equation will always have two solutions. For example, $|x-1|=2$ will have two solutions $x-1=2$ and $x-1=-2$. Then, you solve each separate equation to find the two solutions, $x=3,-1$. When working on absolute value problems, remember that you need to create two separate solutions the positive and the negative as we did above. Calculator Practice Problem Answer Explanation: If the value of $|n−1|+1$ is equal to 0, then $|n−1|+1=0$. Subtracting 1 from both sides of this equation gives $|n−1|=−1$. The expression $|n−1|$ on the left side of the equation is the absolute value of $n−1$, and, as I just mentioned, the absolute value can never be a negative number since it represents distance. Thus, $|n−1|=−1$ has no solution. Therefore, there are no values for n for which the value of $|n−1|+1$ is equal to 0. D is the correct answer. Tip: Remember the rules of absolute value (it’s always positive!). If you remember the rules, you should get the question right! Graphing Linear Equations These questions test your ability to read a graph and interpret it into $y=mx+b$ form. A quick refresher, $y=mx+b$ is the slope-intercept equation of a line, where m represents the slope and b represents the y-intercept. In these questions, you’ll typically be presented with the graph of a line, and you’ll need to determine what the slope and y-intercept are to write the equation of the line. Calculator Practice Problem Answer Explanation: The relationship between h and C is represented by any equation of the given line. The C-intercept of the line is 5. Since the points $(0, 5)$ and $(1, 8)$ lie on the line, the slope of the line is ${8-5}/{1-0}={3}/{1}=3$. Therefore, the relationship between h and C can be represented by $C=3h+5$, the slope-intercept equation of the line. C is the correct answer. Tip: Have the slope-intercept form ($y=mx+b$) and the slope equation $m={y_2-y_1}/{x_2-x_1}$ memorized. Know what each variable in the equations means. If you know all of this, you should be able to ace any graphing linear equation problem that you’re given. Linear Inequalities and Systems of Linear Inequalities These are arguably the most challenging Heart of Algebra questions because many students struggle when variables are combined with inequalities. If you need a quick but in-depth refresher on inequalities, check out our inequalities guide. These questions typically appear towards the end of the multiple-choice and grid-ins in each section. These questions will be presented as straightforward already set up inequalities (you won’t be asked to create inequalities nor will you be presented with a real world scenario using inequalities). Although they’re presented in a straightforward way, these questions are challenging, and it’s easy to make a mistake, so take your time! Calculator Practice Problems Answer Explanation: Subtracting $3x$ and adding 3 to both sides of $3x−5≠¥4x−3$ gives $−2≠¥x$. Therefore, x is a solution to $3x−5≠¥4x−3$ if and only if x is less than or equal to −2 and x is NOT a solution to $3x−5≠¥4x−3$ if and only if x is greater than −2. Of the choices given, only −1 is greater than −2 and, therefore, cannot be a value of x. A is the correct answer. You could also try to answer this by plugging in the answer choices and seeing which one didn't work. If you plug in A into the inequality, you'd get $3(-1)-5≠¥4(-1)−3$. Simplifying the inequality, you'd get -8≠¥-7, which is not true, so A is the correct answer. Tip Remember the rules of inequalities! Take your time working your way through each step so that you don’t make any mistakes. Also, remember to try plugging in the answer choices to find the correct answer! Let's take a look at another example. Answer Explanation: Since (0, 0) is a solution to the system of inequalities, substituting 0 for x and 0 for y in the given system must result in two true inequalities. After this substitution, y −x + a becomes 0 a, and y x + b becomes 0 b. Hence, a is positive, and b is negative. Therefore, a b. Choice A is correct. Tip: Treat this system of inequalities with four variables the same as you’d treat a system of inequalities with two variables. Remember that if (0,0) is a solution that means that when x=0, y=0. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! 4 Key Strategies for Heart of Algebra I've interspersed the strategies for attacking these questions throughout this article in the "tip" sections, but I'll summarize them here now. Strategy #1: Memorize the Rules and Formula You need to know the rules of inequalities, the rules of absolute value, and the formula for the intercept-slope version of a line ($y=mx+b$) to answer those types of algebra questions correctly. Without the rules and formula, these questions are pretty much impossible. If you need more assistance with any of the concepts, check out our in-depth guides to linear equations, systems of equations, absolute value, intercept-slope form, and linear inequalities and systems of inequalities. Strategy #2: Plugging in Answers On the multiple-choice questions, you should always check to see if you can plug in the answer choices to the given equation(s) or inequality to find the correct answer. Sometimes this approach will be much simpler than trying to solve the equation. Even if you find that plugging in answers is slowing you down, you should, at least, consider using it to check your work. Plug in the answer choice that you find and see if it results in a balanced equation or correct inequalities. If it does, you know you have the correct answer! Plug it in! Plug it in! Strategy #3: Plugging in Numbers If plugging in answers isn't a possibility, plugging in numbers is often a possibility such as in question 2 above. When you pick numbers to plug in, in general, I do not recommend using -1, 0, or 1 (as they can result in wrong answers), and make sure to read the question to see what numbers you should pick. For example, in question 2, the numbers represented the number of text messages sent, so you shouldn't use a negative number to represent the number of text messages since it's impossible to send a negative number of text messages. For inequalities this is especially important, often the question will say "the following is true for all $x0$." If that's the case, you can't plug in 0 or -5; you can only plug in numbers greater than 0 since that's the parameter set by the question. Strategy #4: Work One Step At a Time For Heart of Algebra questions, you need to take your time working through each step. These questions can involve 5, 10, 15 steps, and you need to take your time to make sure you don't make a small mistake in step 3 that will result in an incorrect answer. You know your stuff, so don't let small mistakes cost you points! What’s Next? Now that you know what to expect on Heart of Algebra questions make sure you’re prepared for all of the other math topics you'll see on the SAT. All of our math guides will take you through strategies and practice problems for all the topics covered in the math section, from integers to ratios, circles to polygons (and more!). Feeling anxious about test day? Make sure you know exactly what to do and bring to ease your mind and settle your nerves before it's time to take your SAT. Running out of time on the SAT math section? Look no further than our guide to help you beat the clock and maximize your SAT math score. Angling to get a perfect score? Check out our guide to getting a perfect 800, written by a perfect-scorer. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math strategy guide, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Web Services Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Web Services Security - Essay Example Every business wants to use web services and extend it beyond the boundaries of their organization. This requires new security demands and solutions. Research of the literature available suggests that technology is being upgraded regularly. It is possible to keep the web services secure although for small organizations it may be costly. Most importantly, the web security vendors have to agree to a standard. Most web services have the security packages in-built while Microsoft also allows free downloads. Nevertheless, as technology develops so does the efforts and technology of the hackers and cyber criminals. Data breach resulting from weak security practices can result in facing lawsuits from the federal and state agencies. This can in turn erode business equity, consumer trust and ultimately the business reputation. Securing XML has a variety of problems and is vulnerable to a variety of attacks. There are too many web services security vendors but they have to advertise their mess ages in the right manner (Rowan). In the web services world all the vendors have to agree to a standard but different groups have emerged. Back lashing and copious reports about each other can be found although all are working towards ratifying the standards. Machine to machine communication poses a threat. Web services security can verify the origin of the messages but this necessitates that all members of the group have to be known to each other.

Select an interesting Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Select an interesting Topic - Essay Example The first word of the title says it all, and is actually quite a humbling thought. Let me explain. While I have never considered myself to be a ‘poor’ writer, I simply did not consider all of my initial drafts to be pure and utter crap. To do so would be to admit that I am not perfect. I mean, after all, who wants to admit that? Seriously, though, I have simply never considered that a first draft should never be looked upon as a paper that anyone but myself would see. Instead, I figured that if I put my thoughts down on paper in a semi-coherent manner, well, that would be enough. Now I understand otherwise. I am actually going to take quite a lot away from having read Lamott’s essay. While I may never be a professional writer, I can certainly strive to do better with recording my thoughts and ideas on paper. I should look at a first draft as an opportunity to expand my ideas and truly capture my thoughts on paper. To do this, I can take the first draft and really polish it up, looking for items I may have missed, and tossing others that, upon reflection, add little substance to the piece. When I do this, I will certainly create better work, no matter how big or small the assignment may

Evolution of the Nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evolution of the Nation - Essay Example The New International Encyclopedia, Dodd,Mead and Company-New York. Copyright: 1902-1905 21 Volumes.] The causes are many. Firstly, the Railway Transportation hit rock bottom and locomotive transportation came to a stand-still. Secondly, fires engulfed a number of cities and people suffered immensely. In fact, many buildings were razed to the ground. Thirdly, the Coinage Act of 1783 brought about a huge change in the silver prices. Gold and Silver could no longer be mined. This not only affected the internal economy, but foreign relations as well. Debts of farmers increased and this affected the lower middle class. The Army Cavalry had to fight the Apaches and there was a huge emergency, when they were required to pull the wagons by hand. This had a big impact as well. In addition to this, the immense growth of the Railways saw most of the financial resources channelized to the sector, leaving the economy in the dumps. Big banks like Jay Cooke and Co. had invested majorly in the railways and couldn't meet the bonds they were supposed to clear. Besides all of this, the fiscal policies of the then President and the other entrepreneurs made things worse. So much so, that Jay Cooke and Co. went bankrupt. All these causes led to the Economic Depression of 1873, which not only affected the internal and external affairs of the United States. b. What caused the rise of American industry Initially, the American factories were run by using hydel power from the fast flowing rivers in Northern America. However, after the Civil War, rail links were laid between Southern and Northern America. Then, industrialisation, which was catching up in the rest of the world, took over the United States. This happened because of steam-powered manufacturing in factories, which succeeded water-powered factories. When the fast-flowing rivers were situated in Northern America, factories were located in the region. However, since steam-power was universal, the factories began to sprout everywhere, leading to industrialisation. Then, the first cotton industry came up, followed by wool processing. Mills came up everywhere and this initiated the first phase of industrialisation in America. Since Britain and the rest of the developed world were taking to industrialisation, America couldn't stay far behind and thus, industrialisation was brought about in the U.S, leading to the agricultural sector taking a backseat. c. What impacts did big business have on society, economics, and politics The Age of Industrialisation paved way for the establishment of big industrial houses. These houses grew by leaps and bounds and became establishments that help immense power and contributed immensely to the economy of America. These

Donor-transmitted Melanoma Case Study

Donor-transmitted Melanoma Case Study Lakshmi Rangaswamy, D.O., Kim Jordan, MD., FACP, Ronald deAndrade, MD Introduction Organ transplant recipients are at an increased risk of developing malignancy, estimated to occur in 15-20% of graft recipients after 10 years. Most malignancies occur de novo or as recurrence of previously treated disease, related to immunosuppression and oncogenic viruses. Donor-transmitted tumors are rare. From 1994 – 2001, the US Transplant tumor registry reported 18 donor-related cancers in 108,062 recipients. Case Presentation History A 66-year-old female presents with abdominal fullness, fevers, chills and malaise for 1 week’s time. Admitted to transplant service to rule out rejection. Past Medical History End Stage Renal Disease status post cadaveric renal transplant 3 months prior Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 -Anemia of chronic disease Social History: No tobacco, alcohol, or drug abuse Medications: (do I really need strength and frequency?) Amlodipine 10 mg daily Aspirin 81 mg daily Bactrim 160 mg daily Carvedilol 25 mg twice daily Clotrimazole 10 mg troche three times daily Insulin Lispro 10 units with meals Lantus 20 units in AM Myofortic 360 mg 2 tablets twice daily Prednisone 10 mg daily Tacrolimus 2mg twice daily Valcyte 450 mg 2 tablets daily Physical exam VITALS: T 100.1, BP 133/60, HR 71, Resp 18, SpO2 99% on RA, nonoliguric Neck: no lymphadenopathy, no carotid bruits Cardiovascular: regular rate and rhythm, no clicks, gallops, rubs, no lower extremity edema Lungs: clear to auscultation bilaterally, no rales or wheezes Abdomen: soft, well healed Gibson incision in RLQ, no graft tenderness, no organomegaly Skin: no rashes or lesions noted on skin Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies (insert images) WBC 3.94 K/mcl; Hgb 9.8 g/dL (patient’s baseline); platelets 104 K/mcl LDH 747 U/L Creatinine 1.72 mg/dL on the day of admission (baseline 1.02 two months prior, after transplant). During the hospital course, her renal failure worsened with creatinine reaching 8.08 mg/dL and patient requiring intermittent hemodialysis CT of the abdomen with contrast and PET scan Findings compatible with metastatic disease to the liver, spleen, bones, and probably lungs. MRI Abdomen/pelvis A few indeterminate T1 and T2 hyperintense lesions in the periphery of the transplant kidney, suspicious for neoplasm. Innumerable bone marrow and splenic lesions, suspicious for hemorrhagic metastasis MRI of brain Diffuse bony metastases, no signs of intraparenchymal metastasis PET: Positive for multiple lesions in the transplant kidney, bone, and spleen. CT guided Bone marrow biopsy: Metastatic malignant neoplasm, quite consistent with metastatic malignant melanoma **Within days of patient’s admission, it was discovered that the recipient of the liver from the same donor developed melanoma within the transplanted liver and the recipient of the mate kidney had developed melanoma in the renal allograft. **The transplant center reported no known history of donor melanoma and normal visual inspection of donor organs at time of transplant. Clinical Course Patient elected to undergo allograft nephrectomy. Surgical pathology of removed donor kidney confirmed malignant melanoma that was BRAF-V600E mutation positive (insert histo slide of melanoma in kidney) Patient was taken off of all immunosuppressive therapy and was started on chemotherapy with zelboraf and immunotherapy with ipilimumab (completed 4 months of zelboraf and 4 cycles of ipilimumab) Patient currently off of chemotherapy, and undergoes repeat imaging every month. At 6 months, CT body from 6 months â€Å"demonstrates basically stable disease.† This patient is now undergoing hemodialysis for her end stage renal disease The two other recipients died from metastatic melanoma found in the transplanted liver and renal allograft; this patient is the sole survivor of the transplanted melanoma. Transmission of melanoma by organ transplantation (VIPER) Not only is melanoma the most common fatal form of skin cancer, it is the most common tumor responsible for donor-derived malignancy. The late disease recurrence of melanoma is related to the dormancy of melanoma. Major theories for the dormancy of melanoma include cell-cycle arrest and blocked angiogenesis. Per Lancet article entitled â€Å"Transmission of donor melanoma by organ transplantation,† late recurrence of dormant melanoma can occur because of micrometastases or solitary dormant cells. Dormant micrometastasis occurs because of the inability for angiogenesis; therefore there is an equilibrium between cell proliferation and apoptosis and thus an inability of malignant cell growth. In dormant solitary cells, there is an absence of proliferation or apoptosis, in essence a pause in cell growth. Because of these theories, it is possible that these dormant cells stay latent in immunocompetent individuals for decades and even forever, but the immunosuppression of the organ recipient can reactivate the melanoma cells. Transplantation for end-stage organ disease has become routine care with resultant increased demand for donor organs. With increased public awareness and donor pool expansion, many transplant programs are easing criteria for selection by accepting older donors and those with remote history of low-grade skin cancers and/or remote â€Å"cured cancers.† A recent study reported 23 cases of donor-transmitted melanoma from 12 separate donors between 1972 and 2006. Only 2 donors had known history of melanoma and one case of fatal melanoma occurred from a donor who had surgically removed melanoma sixteen years prior to donation. History of melanoma remains a contraindication to organ donation given melanoma high transmission rate of 74% and mortality of 58%. Treatment of donor-related melanoma involves withdrawing immunosuppression and allowing the body to reject the transplanted organ, followed by explantation of the allograft carrying the melanoma cells. Summary Melanoma incidence in the general population is increasing, but whether this will translate into increased incidence of donor-transmitted melanoma and resultant increased mortality remains to be determined. Physicians must not only discuss risks of malignancy with transplant candidates, but also carefully question all donors and their family about recent and remote malignancy, particularly melanoma, given its high transmission rate and mortality. Patients with any history of melanoma, whether it be in the early stages or cured, showed not be considered as organ donors. References Geller, A.,et al (2013). Melanoma Epidemic: An Analysis of Six Decades of Data From the Connecticut Tumor Registry.Journal of Clinical Oncology,31, 4172-4178. Geller, A.,et al (2014). Screening and early detection of melanoma. Retrieved January 1,  2014, from http://www.uptodate.com/ Morris-Stiff, G.,et al (2004). Transmission of Donor Melanoma to Multiple Organ  Transplant Recipients.American Journal of Transplantation,10, 444-446. Strauss, D. (2010). Transmission of donor melanoma by organ transplantation. Lancet  Oncology, 11, 790-796. Retrieved from www.thelancet.com/oncology

Corporation Responsibility and Ethics

Corporation can be explained as an association of individuals, created by law or under authority of law, having a continuous existence independent of the existences of its members, and powers and liabilities distinct form those of its members. The corporation may exist for the purpose of profit or non profit oriented. By the early 18 century, corporations are owned and control by government authorities. At the late 18 century, the old economic policies and theories are eliminated with the work of Adam Smith and other economists.And the corporations are transformed from being government affiliated entities to public and private economic entities. The main two ideas behind this transformation was that a business corporation should not be directly tied to any public policies, and the corporation is a by-product of the people’s right of association, not a gift from the state. However, with the given freedoms, they still exist within the legal system and considered as legal person, who has morally responsible for their actions. These morale responsibilities are classified as narrow and broader view.Narrow view primarily concerns for the interest of shareholders, obligation to other stakeholders are evaluated within the range of satisfied demand implied by shareholders. Whereas, broader view mainly concern for the stakeholders with all those affected by the corporation’s action, shareholders represent only one set of multiple responsibilities that are weighed in decisions. Though, the specified statements in a question â€Å"corporation’s obligation to their stakeholders comes before its obligations to the rest of society† were construed narrowly to cover only the shareholders interest.The main economist who supports the narrow view of corporative responsibilities was Milton Friedman. The Milton Friedman (1970) in an influential article argued that when corporate manager are consideration was given for social responsibilities to influence their decisions, they are violating the obligations to the corporation’s owners. He believes that only employees of the corporations have a responsibility to meet desired requirements of its owners.The desired requirements are in most case to maximizing the wealth of the organization. He argues by saying â€Å"if we wish we can refer to some of these responsibilities as ‘social responsibilities. ’ But in these respects he is acting as a principal not an agent; he is spending his own money or time or energy, not the money of his employers or the time and energy he has contracted to devote to their purposes. If these are ‘social responsibilities,’ they are the social responsibilities of the individual, not the business.†Further Friedman’s added â€Å"the situation of the individual proprietor is somewhat different. If he acts to reduce the returns of his enterprise in order to exercise his ‘social responsibility,’ he is spen ding his own money, not someone else’s. If he wishes to spend his money on such purposes that is his right and I cannot see that there is any objection for doing so. † Friedman’s interpretation towards corporative responsibilities are seems too narrow to accept and adopt in today’s business environment.Business Corporation’s who stick with those narrow view become a challenge to sustain in a competitive market economy. In today’s business environment, public expectations towards the business organizations are high and it becomes a basic requirement for the organization to fulfill those expectations to building positive corporative images and sustainable relation to achieving economic results. To justify my argument I have used narrow and broader view of corporative responsibility theories and some success stories.2. THE NARROW VIEW OF CORPORATIVE RESPONSIBILITYThe narrow view theorist believes that honoring commitments to shareholders is more valuable than responding to the demands of other stakeholders. Such theories includes; pure marketplace ethics, libertarian marketplace or shareholder theory, and social marketplace ethics. The theories and examples are explained as follow;2.1 PURE MARKETPLACE ETHICSPure marketplace ethics theory believes that there is no such way to generate money. If it is good in economically than it is good in ethically. When it comes to money there is no right and wrong, everything is ethical. The theory is egoist approach to produce profit, not considered social and environmental initiatives.2.2 LIBERTARIAN MARKETPLACE / SHAREHOLDER THEORYAdam Smith, Milton Fridman, and Friedrich Hayek, are the main economists who follow Libertarian marketplace theory or shareholders ethical theory. The theory suggests what’s good ethically is doing well economically within the law. The theory stands that organization made up for the motive of profit,  social responsibilities can be handled by non-pr ofit organizations in the area of concern or respective government authorities. Many economists have been criticizing Adam Smith and Milton Fridman argument on social responsibility.2.2 SOCIAL MARKETPLACE ETHICSShareholder theory and social marketplace ethics theory is very much similar. Unlike shareholder theory, it highlighted the social responsibility in some extent. However, their view in social responsibility as economic wealth that employee get, since the organization is effective to generate profit. They believe that individual employees work hard to get maximum profit for the organization than employees do affect their social welfare. This theory also criticized many economists by questioning what extent does society as a whole benefit when improving employee’s welfare. There is one interesting case â€Å"Coca-Cola and Water Use in India† as the implication of this narrow view.In March 2004, Coca-Cola company in Karala state in India was shut down because of fa rmers and community claim that high utilization of water by Coca-Cola crates sever water shortages and polluting the groundwater and soil, this could destroying farms by draining them out completely. There are many allegations against the Coca-Cola Company. Such as health effects, poor environmental consideration, monopolistic business practices, and questionable labour practices.3. THE BROADER VIEW OF CORPORATIVE RESPONSIBILITYThe broader view theories suggest that aggregated demands of stakeholders are more valuable than honoring commitments to shareholders. Such theories include; shared value theory, stakeholder theory, progressive corporate social responsibility, and sustainability theories. These theories are explained in detail as follow;3.1 SHARED VALUE THEORYMichael Porter and Mark Kramer (2011) proposed Shared value theory, in his theory of corporative responsibility states that the purpose of any business entity is to pursue profits, to do that organization also requires t o value social and environmental welfare. When organization pursues wealth it’s necessary to engage with the social and environmental. The core vales of this theory is respect for laws, regulations and commonly accepted codes for  operation, social and environmental welfare hold autonomous value independent of bottom line concern, but are pursued only within the profit making operation, only insofar as they create profit.Such example of shared values includes Nestle, Nespresso combines a sophisticated espresso machine with single-cup aluminum capsules containing ground coffees from around the world. The product offers quality, convenience and the environmental blight of mountains of spent aluminum pods. To get reliable supply of specialized coffees is extremely challenging for the Nestle. The coffees are grown by small farmers in poor rural areas of Africa and Latin America, who are trapped in a cycle of low productivity, poor quality, and environmental degradation that lim its production volume.To address these issues, Nestle redesigned procurement. It worked intensively with its growers, providing advice on faming practices, guaranteeing bank loans, and helping secure inputs such as plant stock, pesticides, and fertilizers. Nestle established local facilities to measure the quality of the coffee at the point of purchase, which allowed it to pay a premium for better beans directly to the growers and thus improve their incentives. Greater yield per hectare and higher production quality increased growers’ incomes, and the environmental impact of farms shrank.Meanwhile, Nestle’s reliable supply of good coffee grew significantly. Shared value was created. Nestle’ found a societal need-poverty in rural coffee producing areas and developed a two sided initiative, anti-poverty and improve coffee supply. This theory has some negative and positive point of views, such as the theory accepts that the organization main intention should be inc reasing profit, and social responsibility implies when organization are profitable.3.2 SUSTAINABLE THEORYJohn Elkington (1997) in his book of Cannibals with Forks: Triple Bottom line of 21st Century Business. He described that corporative responsibility lies with the stakeholders rather than shareholders. This theory suggests businesses hold three principle obligations to produce sustainable results, which are social, environmental and economic fields. Each of the three values is pursued autonomously and businesses should tabulate and present results for each of the tree categories individually. Economic Sustainability: the traditional accounting concept of profit was eliminated in sustainability theory. In a sustainable framework, the â€Å"profit† is considered as the maximum benefit enjoyed by the society as whole.Social sustainability: Corporative responsibility lies to the fair and beneficial practice towards the labour and the community. The theory highlighted that no i ndividual within the community will be neglected. Economics in a metropolitan area, a reality where all executives are hauling down millions a year ultimately becomes unsustainable when other workers can no longer afford to live near the city and so aren’t available to do the supporting work necessary to keep the executives going.Humanity: political unrest and violence may erupt in regions or entire countries where a society’s health concentrates in a narrow demographic. (The fair trade movement may be understood as expression or sustainability in both economic and human senses.) Environmental sustainability: Environmental sustainability requires stewardship of our natural surroundings; use balanced by preservation to enable continued use. A brewery dripping industrial waste into the soil fails the test of sustainability when the toxins infiltrate the water table and poison the groundwater the brewery needs to make its beer.3.3 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYArchie B. Carroll theory of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) highlighted four kinds of social responsibilities. Which are economic viability, compliance, doing right be fair and support community welfare. These corporative responsibilities are considered as values. These four categories are explained as follow. Economic Responsibilities: A narrow view theory suggests that business entities are created primarily for profit motives. CSR suggest business is considered as basic economic unit in the society where its role was to produce goods and services that consumer desired with the acceptable profit.The old idea of profit motive was changed into a notion of maximum profits. Legal Responsibility: Corporative Social Responsibility theory suggests the business should operate under the legal framework. Ethical Responsibility: Ethical Responsibilities represents ethical norms fairness and justice, ethical responsibilities embrace those activities and practices that are prohibited by societal m embers even though they are not codified into law. It also includes those standards, norms, or expectations that reflect a concern for what consumers, employees,  shareholders, and the community regard as fair, justice or keeping with the respect or protection of stakeholder’s moral rights. Imperial Sugar Company can be a good example of CSR, the entire company was burn to ground, but the John Sheptor, CEO decided to maintained employees payroll through the reconstruction process.3.4 STAKEHOLDERS THEORYThe most vital contribution for the broader view of corporation obligation and their ethical responsibilities was highlighted in the Stakeholders theory. The theory suggests businesses are fundamentally obligated to respect the rights and welfare of all those affected by its operations. The obligations are identical in kind, though they may very in degree. The key values of this theory are the welfare of all those individual and organizations affected by the business. (Cardin al stakeholders typically include: shareholders, workers, customers, suppliers and community taken to incorporate broader humanistic and environmental concerns).The main responsibilities are stakeholders’ interests are acknowledged and respected when making decisions: the interests are weighed alongside and according to the same logic as obligations traditionally associated with shareholders (profit) interests. As opposed to the idea that a business is first an economic entity that operates in society and so acquires broader responsibilities, the idea here is that a business is fundamentally a social and ethical operation, and economic activity is only one facet of its existence. The theory starts with a business and looking out into the world to see what obligations the organization exist, stakeholder theory starts in the world. it recognizes those individuals and groups who will be affected by or affect the company’s actions and ask; what are their legitimate claims on the business?What rights do they have with respect to the company’s actions? What kind of responsibilities and obligations can they justifiably impose on the business? One of the most important and well known examples of stakeholder’s theory is embedded in the Mexican Constitution. When the indigenous people overthrew the Spaniards and claimed independence in the early 19th century, what they especially detested were the absentee landlords. The Spanish owned the farm lands, but lived in the cities, leaving locals to do the work.As a response to the indignation, the new constitution stipulated that those who work the land own it. Ownership and  control over land, in other words, is not guaranteed through time. Instead, it depends on the extent of ou personal interaction with the soil. Legal ownership would be like that: essentially owned by those who are affected by it. (Note: Contemporary reality has faced modification of the Mexican constitution. Still, in the pr ovinces people are reluctant to rent properties for long terms because courts away from the capital occasionally recognize the original, institutional stipulation.)4. CONCLUSIONMy argument is totally against the statement of â€Å"Corporation’s obligation to their stakeholders comes before its obligations to the rest of society†. I don’t believe corporation obligation comes prior to their stakeholders, because the corporation is exists because of their stakeholders. Without stakeholders support it is difficult to keep up the business. Such example can be Indian Coca-Cola Company.

Admiration

I love my parents, but I personally admire an American leader, Steve Jobs. In my opinion he was the best CEO of Apple and of course the most famous. As you know he is no longer alive, however his accomplishments are still remembered by people worldwide. In fact Jobs was not an easy person to work for – by that I mean he had a temper and many people found It hard to work with him, but they still did! This was because he was an absolute genius and his subordinates knew that he would make the company thrive.Many people, Including me don't really care about his attitude problems since his Inventions are fantastic. SYNC has named Steve Jobs the most Influential person of the last 25 years. Thus, he Is also my hero and without him I would never have been able to play games with the touch screen, listen to music, take photos and make phone calls on the same device. It Is clear that Steve Jobs had an undeniable passion for what he did. Passion Is to make a difference.Such passion Is w ell established as one of the key ingredients in the world's most successful businesses. It's something I ‘eve come to actively look for to become a successful individual. As a result, stilettos is always the basketballs for s ©eking 4 success There are some leaders who are great because of their charisma while others are famous for their intelligence. Steve jobs is a perfect example of this It is a shame he died at such a young age, I think he could have helped society much more with his inventions – but I guess that was his fate.

Spanish Vocabulary of Air Travel

Spanish Vocabulary of Air Travel Unless you live near the right international border, theres no quicker way to visit a Spanish-speaking country than to fly. And even though English is widely spoken in international travel, it is likely that your first encounter with Spanish on a vacation or business trip will be on the plane or at the airport. Study these words and phrases before you go on your trip and youll better be able to take care of your travel needs or to eavesdrop: Useful words la aduana - customsla aerolà ­nea - airlineel aeropuerto - airportla almohada - pillowel asiento - seatel auxiliar de vuelo, la azafata - flight attendantel avià ³n - airplaneel boleto - ticketel baà ±o - bathroomla clase ejecutiva, la clase turista - executive class, tourist classla comida - mealconfirmar una reservacià ³n - to confirm a reservationel destino - destinationel equipaje - luggageel horario, el itinerario - schedulela linea aerea - airlinela maleta - suitcasela oferta - special, saleel pasajero, la pasajera - passengerel pasaporte - passportla primera clase - first classel regreso - returnla reserva, la reservacià ³n - reservationla salida - departure, exitla tarifa - pricela tienda libre de impuestos - duty-free shopel viaje - journey, tripel vuelo - flight, wing Useful phrases:  ¿Cundo sale el avià ³n? - When does the plane leave? ¿Cundo llega el avià ³n? - When does the plane arrive? ¿Dà ³nde est el baà ±o? - Where is the bathroom? ¿Habla usted inglà ©s? - Do you speak English?

5 Sentence-Folding Fixes

5 Sentence-Folding Fixes 5 Sentence-Folding Fixes 5 Sentence-Folding Fixes By Mark Nichol Does your last piece of writing feel flat, static, repetitive? Is a soporific sentence rhythm dulling your edge? Combining sentences is an easy solution for making your prose flow more smoothly and briskly. 1. â€Å"The logging practices of the time were extraordinarily wasteful. They involved cutting and then burning in order to clear the logged area of limbs and other forest debris.† The second sentence neatly folds into the first between the subject and the verb: â€Å"The logging practices of the time, which involved cutting and then burning in order to clear the logged area of limbs and other forest debris, were extraordinarily wasteful.† 2. â€Å"Smith completed his report in September 1950. It represented five years of work.† The second, shorter sentence here is easily folded into the first, but how it should be done depends on the emphasis. If the duration of the project should be emphasized, then work the completion date into a parenthetical phrase: â€Å"Smith’s report, completed in September 1950, represented five years of work.† If the completion date is more important, parenthesize the project duration: â€Å"Smith’s report, representing five years of work, was completed in September 1950.† In either case, reserve the more important information for the end of the sentence. 3. â€Å"The book’s author, Jane Smith, was a well-established, award-winning author. Jones and his advisers tried hard but failed to keep the book from being published.† The information about Smith, which follows a first reference to the book in question, is the kind of detail that is important but does not merit a separate sentence. However, if the preceding sentence is already complex (as was the case here), work it parenthetically into the next reference to the book: â€Å"Jones and his advisers tried hard but failed to keep the book, written by Jane Smith, a well-established, award-winning author, from being published.† (This is a natural fit, because the author’s status likely had some impact on the failure to suppress the book’s publication.) The sentence could be further compressed by inserting the writer’s qualities before her name, rather than after it: â€Å"Jones and his advisers tried hard but failed to keep the book, written by well-established, award-winning author Jane Smith, from being published.† 4. â€Å"They needed $40,000 to qualify their bid proposal. To raise that amount, they wrote to people who had visited the area.† The combine these sentences, simply replace â€Å"that amount,† the second reference to the monetary figure, with the first reference, and adjust the syntax of the first statement: â€Å"To raise the $40,000 they needed to qualify their bid proposal, they wrote to people who had visited the area.† 5. â€Å"The new bill was 157 pages long and described 150 projects in more than 200 congressional districts in forty-four states. The total cost was a tidy $1.8 billion.† Forms of the lifeless verb â€Å"to be† (is, was, were, and so on) serve as red flags marking sentences that merit revision. The classic fix for the two-sentence template â€Å"This was that. This was that.† follows: Replace the first â€Å"to be† verb with a comma, and change the form of the second verb and replace the period with another comma; these actions convert what follows was in the first sentence into a parenthetical phrase. Then, jettison the first two words of the second sentence and the second â€Å"to be† verb, which transforms cost from a noun to a verb: â€Å"The new bill, 157 pages long and describing 150 projects in more than 200 congressional districts in forty-four states, cost a tidy $1.8 billion.† Find more examples of how to combine sentences in this post. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Grammar Mistakes You Should AvoidHow to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and TricksWhile vs. Whilst

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 6

Economics - Essay Example Next it delineates the strategic choices at the disposal of corporate entities in the process of planning and policy making. The study also focuses on the strategic significance of the changes that have taken place in the corporate environment over the years since the times of such catchy phrases like Schumacher’s â€Å"small is beautiful†. According to the lead article in the Economist on the 29th of August 2009 big corporate entities are coming in to vogue again because they have discovered a master strategy to survive in the all too important strategic competitive environment. By extension environmental factors play a very significant role on the corporate strategy and policy making environment. The extent to which such environmental factors play a role in determining the directional thrust of the corporate strategy of the big business corporation concerning competition and corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be known through an analysis of the theoretical approaches recommended by modern management gurus. This paper would adopt the five principle environmental factors suggested by Pearce & Robinson (2002). The authors suggest a theoretical framework of five significant environmental factors in order to enable leaders and managers of corporate entities to understand the nature and the extent of the impact that environmental factors have on business organizations. Above all according to the authors big businesses are more and more affected by them. Customers are very important for the business organization in determining its corporate strategy. For example customers can either make or break a business organization on the basis of demand. The emerging big corporate entity depends on customers’ perceptive behavior to such an extent that the former has very little freedom in deciding the corporate strategy and production policy in any other possible way. The purchasing power of the modern customer is unlimited

Educating Prison Inmates Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Educating Prison Inmates - Research Paper Example Apart from that this research paper has also highlighted the opportunity of American inmates’ educating programs in order to accomplish employment. Moreover, the study has evidently perceived that inmates’ educational programs in correctional facility have reduced the criminal recidivism among prisoners and have provided them with employment opportunities. Inmates education has emerge to become a new trend in early 21st century. The tendency of inmates’ education has been mostly observed in American correctional system. The objective of inmates’ education is to convey knowledge among the prisoners for outside world and enhance the rehabilitative aspects of American prison. American government has chosen couple of approach such as vocational training and academic education to educate inmates. It has been also observed that several colleges and university along with few non-governmental organisations have stepped forward in order to offer educational programs to the inmates in America. During the year 1996, American Central Security Control (CSC) has realized that inmates’ education programs can meet their employment needs after the correctional life. Therefore, CSC has designed inmates’ education programs according to teach job skills and rational skills, which will help them to become productive and law abi ding citizen. Thus, the American government has been investing large amount of money on offenders’ correctional education programs since the last decade (John Howard Society of Alberta, 2012). In this research paper, the main aim is to identify weather the inmates’ education programs affect the American correctional system positively or not. Apart from this, during the research the objective is to highlight the impact of offenders’ correctional education programs on the American correctional system. Moreover, through the research report the actual intention is to